Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
Founded in 1959, ETA traced its origins to student activist groups that were dissatisfied with what were seen as the moderate politics of the Basque Nationalist Party. At its inception, ETA adopted a secular platform based on language and culture, in contrast to previous Basque nationalist movements that were driven by racial and religious elements. As a separatist group with Marxist leanings, ETA became a target of Francisco Franco's regime. Though initially a political organization,...