France Strategic Forces Nations // North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

OVERVIEW The French nuclear doctrine involving an independent striking force, or Force de Frappe, is formally entitled Proportional Deterrence. It calls for nuclear retaliation in response to attacks on France and threats to the integrity of French territory. The doctrine assumes that a small nuclear power can deter a larger one because of the amount of damage even a few nuclear weapons can cause. Under French doctrine, tactical strikes only serve to make clear that they will escalate...